Are Food Dyes Safe for Kids?

You’ve likely heard about artificial food dyes– they have been a hot topic for years, sparking both curiosity and concern. PedsDocTalk followers often reach out with questions like, “What are food dyes?” or “Are food dyes safe for children?”

Artificial dyes like Red 40 and Yellow 5 have long been part of our food, but ongoing research has raised concerns about their impact on children’s health, particularly related to behavior and attention. These concerns have helped drive a broader movement toward transparency and healthier ingredients in food.

In a bold step, California has officially passed a new bill that will ban certain artificial food dyes in schools by 2027, making it the first state in the U.S. to implement such a restriction. The goal is to remove these dyes from food served during school hours and encourage food manufacturers to move toward natural alternatives.

It can be overwhelming to hear about these issues, especially with fear-mongering headlines, but understanding what we know and don’t know can help cut through the noise and help you make informed decisions. With this new legislation, it is key to understand what food dyes are, what the research says, why this ban matters, and how to approach it with balance.

What’s the deal with food dyes?

Artificial food dyes are synthetic chemicals added to food and drinks to enhance their color. These dyes are often derived from petroleum and are commonly found in processed food like candy, snacks, beverages, and cereals. You’ve probably seen them listed on ingredient labels as Red 40, Yellow 5, or Blue 1.

Manufacturers use artificial dyes to make products more visually appealing, especially to children. Many processed foods marketed to kids contain these dyes to make them look more fun, but they don’t add any nutritional value. They’re also used for consistency and cost-effectiveness, as natural alternatives tend to be less stable and more expensive.

Many myths surrounding food dyes circulate online, like Red 40 causing ADHD or cancer. This PedsDocTalk YouTube video covers the truth about Red Dye 40, including answers to commonly asked questions like, What is red dye? Does it have other names? Can it cause ADHD or cancer? Can you be allergic to it? How much red dye is safe?

What does the research say?

There’s been growing concern about the potential effects of artificial food dyes on children’s health. The FDA permits the use of artificial dyes but continues to regulate and research their safety.

Some studies have suggested a link between artificial food dyes and behavioral issues in children, such as hyperactivity and attention difficulties. This is particularly noted in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or those who are sensitive to these additives.

A recent review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) assessed both human and animal studies to evaluate the potential neurobehavioral impacts of synthetic food dyes. Of the 27 clinical trials reviewed, 64% found evidence linking food dye exposure to behavioral issues in children, with 52% showing statistically significant results. These findings reinforce concerns about the safety of synthetic dyes, especially in children sensitive to them.

It is important to note that research is still evolving. While some children may be more sensitive to these dyes, the evidence is not definitive across the board. We currently do not have enough evidence to predict which children will be affected and which won’t. Reactions can vary widely– some children may show noticeable behavioral changes after consuming foods with artificial dyes, while others may not react at all. This variability makes it challenging to issue broad recommendations but underscores the importance of being attentive to your child’s reactions to certain foods. What we do know is that these additives provide no nutritional benefit, and reducing exposure– especially when natural alternatives are available– may be a safer approach.

Why does this ban matter?

This ban aims to remove artificial dyes from children’s diets during school. By eliminating these dyes from school meals, California is taking a proactive step to reduce children’s exposure to potentially risky additives during a significant portion of their day. Since many children eat multiple meals and snacks at school, this change could have a meaningful impact, especially for children more sensitive to artificial dyes.

The ban also encourages food companies to reformulate products with natural alternatives. This is not just about what’s served in schools– it sends a strong message to manufacturers. Companies that produce foods containing artificial dyes may now feel the pressure to reformulate. As the demand for more natural alternatives grows, companies are likely to respond by adjusting their products not just for schools but for many foods children regularly eat.

Finding the right balance at home

While this ban is helpful for what your child eats at school, there’s still the question of what they consume at home and outside of school. We don’t yet know which children are sensitive to artificial dyes, and figuring it out often requires a bit of trial and error. You can start by paying attention to behavior changes after your child eats food containing dyes. Keep in mind that sometimes, the environment– like the excitement of a birthday party– can also influence their behavior, so it’s important to consider the full context. Regardless, if you notice a difference and want to make a change, that’s a great decision.

I’ll admit, I still enjoy a bag of Flamin’ Hot Lays every now and then. Growing up, I remember eating Flamin’ Hot Cheetos at school. Looking back, I realize I probably could have had more balance. That’s why I see this new step by California as a positive move. It’s not about never enjoying those snacks, but finding balance with more nutritious options – if that is what works best for your child and family.

If you want to minimize dyes at home, you can try a few things. Start by reading labels carefully and familiarizing yourself with common food dyes like Red 40, Yellow 5, and Blue 1. Choose dye-free alternatives when possible, and prioritize offering whole foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains– these are naturally colorful and nutritious. Many companies now offer snacks made with natural colorings, like beet juice, which can be appropriate substitutes.

Remember, it’s all about balance. The occasional snack with artificial dyes isn’t likely to cause harm. You don’t need to overhaul your pantry overnight– small changes can make a difference. Focus on making more whole food choices, limiting artificial dyes when possible, and being mindful of your child’s diet, without feeling the need to be perfect all the time.

On The Podcast

As parents in the modern age, we want to undo a lot of the things that didn’t serve us as children. Sometimes, in our attempts to do better, we can swing completely in the other direction, over-validating our children and enabling undesired behaviors rather than encouraging positive ones. I welcome Zack Kasabo, a certified school counselor and parent coach. We discuss:

• What enabling of behaviors actually means

• Why children are learning “learned helplessness”

• What corrective validation is and how to use it

On YouTube

This video covers endocrine disruptors, substances that can interfere with normal hormone processes. We discuss common sources such as plastics, personal care products, and soy. I address their potential health risks, particularly for children. I provide practical tips for minimizing risk, including opting for BPA-free products, using alternative food storage options, and choosing safer skincare and personal care products. Remember, while research is ongoing, it’s important to make mindful choices to reduce exposure, rather than living in fear.

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Dr. Mona will answer these questions in a future Sunday Morning Q&A email. Chances are if you have a parenting concern or question, another parent can relate. So let's figure this out together!